constituteproject.org PDF generated: 18 Apr 2016, 15:22 They take, in all the domains, notably in the civil, political, economic, social and cultural domains, all the measures appropriate to assure the total realization and full participation of women in the development of the Nation. They take measures to struggle against all forms of violence made against women in public and in private life. Women have the right to an equitable representation within the national, provincial and local institutions. The State guarantees the implementation of man-woman parity in these said institutions. The law establishes the modalities of application of these rights. Article 15 The public powers see to the elimination of sexual violence. • International law Without prejudice to international treaties and agreements, any sexual violence made against any person, with the intention to destabilize, [or] to dislocate a family and to make a whole people disappear is established as a crime against humanity punishable by the law. Article 16 The human person is sacred. The State has the obligation to respect it and to protect it. • Right to development of personality • Right to life All persons have the right to life, to physical integrity as well as to the free development of their personality, under respect for the law, of public order, of the rights of others and of public morality. • Prohibition of slavery No one may be held in slavery or in an analagous condition. • Prohibition of cruel treatment No one may be subjected to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment. • Prohibition of slavery No one may be subjected to forced or compulsory labor. Article 17 Individual liberty is guaranteed. It is the rule[;] detention the exception. • Principle of no punishment without law One may only be prosecuted, arrested, detained or sentenced by virtue of a law and in the form that it specifies. • Protection from ex post facto laws No one may be prosecuted for an act or an omission which did not constitute an infraction at the time it was committed and at the time of the prosecution. • Protection from ex post facto laws No one may be sentenced for an act or an omission which did not constitute an infraction of the law at the time it was committed and at the time of the sentencing. • Protection from ex post facto laws One may not be inflicted with a punishment harsher than that applicable at the time the infraction was committed. The punishment ceases to be executed when[,] by virtue of a law subsequent to the judgment:   1. it is suppressed;   2. the act for which it was declared no longer has the character [of an] infraction. In the case of reduction of the punishment by virtue of a law subsequent to the judgment, the punishment is executed in accordance with the new law. Congo (Democratic Republic of the) 2005 (rev. 2011) Page 8