8
NIX v. GERMANY DECISION
of the applicant. At the same time, at the request of the prosecution
authorities, the court discontinued the proceedings in so far as they related
to libel (see paragraphs 9, 14 and 24 above).
26. On 2 September 2015 the applicant lodged a constitutional
complaint, relying on his right to freedom of expression. He referred to the
case of Vajnai v. Hungary (no. 33629/06, ECHR 2008), in which the Court
had found that the applicant’s criminal conviction for wearing a red star at a
lawfully organised, peaceful demonstration by a registered political party,
with no known intention of defying the rule of law, and without requiring
any proof that the display of the red star amounted to totalitarian
propaganda, constituted a violation of Article 10 of the Convention. The
approach of the German courts fell short of the requirements provided by
the Court’s case-law. He also emphasised that it was not only journalists
who enjoyed protection under that Article, but that there was a strong public
interest in enabling small groups and individuals and groups outside the
mainstream to contribute to public debate on matters of general public
interest and that a certain degree of exaggeration had to be tolerated (see
Steel and Morris v. the United Kingdom, no. 68416/01, §§ 89-90, ECHR
2005-II), in particular where the matter concerned racism (Haguenauer
v. France, no. 34050/05, § 49, 22 April 2010), as was the case with his blog
post.
27. The Regional Court and the Court of Appeal had not sufficiently
taken all circumstances of the blog post into account. From the content of
the blog post itself and from the overall context – which included several
blog posts concerning the applicant’s dealings with the employment office,
the unlawfulness of the office’s request that his daughter submit her most
recent school report and his criticism of neo-liberal economics and
institutional racism – it was evident that his intention had been to protest
against the policies of the employment office and to contribute to a debate
of public interest, and that he rejected Nazi ideology. The courts had failed
to consider different interpretations of the blog post and had not examined
his right to freedom of expression as protected by Article 5 of the Basic Law
and Article 10 of the Convention.
28. On 12 December 2015 the Federal Constitutional Court refused to
admit the constitutional complaint (no. 1 BvR 2141/15) for examination. It
held that the complaint was inadmissible, but did not indicate the reason for
this. The decision was served on the applicant on 20 January 2016.
B. Relevant domestic law and practice
1. The Criminal Code
29. The relevant provisions of the Criminal Code, in so far as relevant,
provide as follows:
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