Part One Definitions and General Provisions Article 1 Each of the following terms shall be understood in the light of the definition given: 1. Contracting State Any member State of the League of Arab States that has ratified this Convention and that has deposited its instruments of ratification with the General Secretariat of the League. 2. Terrorism Any act or threat of violence, whatever its motives or purposes, that occurs for the advancement of an individual or collective criminal agenda, causing terror among people, causing fear by harming them, or placing their lives, liberty or security in danger, or aiming to cause damage to the environment or to public or private installations or property or to occupy or to seize them, or aiming to jeopardize a national resource. 3. Terrorist offence Any offence or attempted offence committed in furtherance of a terrorist objective in any of the Contracting States, or against their nationals, property or interests, that is punishable by their domestic law. The offences stipulated in the following conventions, except where conventions have not been ratified by Contracting States or where offences have been excluded by their legislation, shall also be regarded as terrorist offences: a. The Tokyo Convention on offences and Certain Other Acts b. c. d. e. f. Committed on Board Aircraft, of 14 September 1963; The Hague Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Seizure of Aircraft, of 16 December 1970; The Montreal Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the Safety of Civil Aviation, of 23 September 1971, and the Protocol thereto of 10 May 1984; The Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of Crimes against Internationally Protected Persons, including Diplomatic Agents, of 14 December 1973; The International Convention against the Taking of Hostages, of 17 December 1979; The provisions of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, of 1982, relating to piracy on the high seas.