constituteproject.org • Reference to fraternity/solidarity PDF generated: 18 Apr 2016, 15:15 Article 46 Every citizen has the duty to relate to other persons without discrimination and to maintain relations conducive to safeguarding, promoting and reinforcing mutual respect, solidarity and tolerance. • Duty to serve in the military Article 47 All citizens have the duty to participate, through work, in the development of the country; to safeguard peace, democracy, social justice and equality and to participate in the defence of the motherland. A Law shall organize national service, whether civil or military. • Duty to obey the constitution Article 48 In all circumstances, every citizen, whether civilian or military, has the duty to respect the Constitution, other Laws and regulations of the country. He/she has the right to defy orders received from his/her superior authority if the orders constitute a serious and manifest violation of human rights and public freedoms. • Protection of environment Article 49: Right and duty to a clean and healthy environment and the duty to protect it Every person has a right to a clean and healthy environment. Every person has the duty to protect, safeguard and promote the environment. The State shall ensure the protection of environment. An Organic Law shall determine the modalities for protecting, safeguarding and promoting the environment. • Right to culture Article 50 Every citizen has the right to activities that promote national culture. There is hereby established the Rwanda Academy of Language and Culture. A Law shall determine its responsibilities, organization and functioning. • Right to culture • Reference to country's history Article 51: Safeguarding cultural traditions and memorial sites of genocide against the Tutsi The State shall have the responsibilities to safeguard and to promote positive values based on cultural traditions and practices so long as they do not conflict with human rights, public order and good morals. The State shall equally have the responsibilities to preserve national cultural heritage as well as memorials and sites of genocide against the Tutsi. Rwanda 2003 (rev. 2010) Page 15