SPECIAL COLLECTION OF THE CASE LAW ON FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION Table of Contents Abstract 6 Introduction 7 1. International legal framework 10 1.1 Access to internet as an enabler of human rights 10 1.2 Shutdowns and freedom of expression 14 1.3 Obstruction to the right of access to information and to sustainable development 18 1.4 Shutdowns as an instrument to protect national security and public order 19 2. Case law 25 2.1 Case law from regional human rights courts 25 2.2 Decisions by national courts 31 42 Appendix 44 Conclusions 5