Law No. 20 of 2014 Concerning Electronic Transactions Chapter Four Electronic Signature Article (18) The legal effect of the electronic signature shall not be disregarded in terms of its validity and applicability merely because it is in an electronic form. The protected electronic signature in the domain of civil, commercial and administrative transactions shall have the same effect allocated to the written signature as stipulates in the provisions of the Law of Evidence in Civil and Commercial Matters whenever the technical controls set out in this law and the Executive By-law hereof in respect of the creation and completion thereof have been observed. Article (19) The signature shall be deemed a protected electronic signature if it meets the following conditions: The possibility of identifying the signatory. Exclusively linking the signature with the signatory himself. The implementation of the signature using a sage signature tool under the exclusive control of the signatory himself at the time of signing. The possibility of detecting any change in the data associated with the protected signature or in the relationship between the date and the signatory. The Executive By-law of this law specifies the technical controls to do the same. Article (20) The person who uses the protected electronic signature shall submit the electronic authentication certificate indicating the validity of the signature pursuant to the nature of limitations and conditions imposed on the certificate; while taking the steps required to verify the validity of the signature, and the certificate and the validity thereof, and subject to to any agreement or past dealing of the party who relies on such certificate and the party that has certified the data contained therein or the party to which the issue of the certificate is attributed. 16 Article (21) A. The signatory must take into account the following matters: