- 31 A
A
“(1)
B
C
D
(2)
E
F
G
H
135.
The reasonable person 37 using the internet expects a
search to produce a lot of irrelevant sites, and expects
many to be foreign. 38 It follows that the mere fact that a
search reveals a reference to a trade mark on a foreign
website does not begin to establish use of the sign in the
course of trade in the United Kingdom for the purposes
of infringement.
Even if it is not immediately obvious from the search
results that a site is irrelevant and the user decides to visit
an identified site, that does not establish use in the United
Kingdom. The user will be able to see fairly quickly
that the site is irrelevant, ‘he will simply say ‘this is not
for me’ and move on.’ 39 ”
I would also refer to the propositions set out at para 27–66 in
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
Kerly:
I
I
“(1)
J
K
(2)
L
M
N
(3)
O
The expectation that many sites will be foreign means
that the user takes at least some notice of the information
provided to him about the nationality of the website.
That information may be part of the domain name 42 or
part of the content of the site.
The appearance of a mark on a foreign website will
constitute use of the mark in the course of trade in the
United Kingdom if, objectively speaking, the website is
aimed at or intended for consumers in the United
Kingdom, even if the United Kingdom is only one of the
intended markets.
If a significant number of customers in the United
Kingdom have purchased goods bearing a mark through a
foreign website, then use in the course of trade in the
United Kingdom will have been established.
P
Q
R
If the only evidence of purchases being made from the
United Kingdom is trap purchases conducted on behalf of
the claimant, then there is probably no use in the United
Kingdom, unless the operation has only just
commenced.”
S
V
L
M
N
O
Q
R
S
37
U
K
P
(4)
T
J
38
39
42
Perhaps even “the average consumer”.
Euromarket Designs [2001] FSR 20, para 23. Also Avnet Inc v Isoact Ltd [1998] FSR 16 Jacob J.
1-800 FLOWERS [2000] FSR 697 at 705, first instance.
eg crateandbarrel-ie.com or crateandbarrel.ie, as in Euromarket Designs [2001] FSR 20.
T
U
V
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