Article 27 A person shall not be liable for an offence that did not result from his criminal behaviour. However, a person shall be liable for an offence if, together with his criminal behaviour, some other prior, contemporaneous or subsequent cause, whenever this cause is expected in the ordinary course of events, played a part in its commission. Where this cause alone is sufficient in itself to cause the result of the offence, the person shall only be liable for the act he has actually committed. Attempt Article 28 An attempt is the initiation of an act with the intention to commit a felony or misdemeanor, which is prevented or frustrated for reasons unrelated to the intentions of the perpetrator. Save as otherwise stipulated by the law, the mere intention to commit a felony or a misdemeanor or acts in preparation thereof shall not be deemed as attempting. Article 29 Unless otherwise provided in the law, attempt to commit a felony shall be sanctioned by the following penalties: 1. Life imprisonment, should the penalty prescribed for the felony is death sentence. .Term imprisonment of no more than fifteen years and not less than five years, should the penalty prescribed for the felony is life imprisonment . 3. Imprisonment for a term not exceeding half the maximum limit prescribed for the consummate felony, if the sanction of the felony is imprisonment. Article 30 The law shall determine the misdemeanors in which the attempt is punishable by law as well as the penalty for such attempt. Article 31 The provisions governing secondary punishments prescribed for the consummate offence shall apply to the attempt. Mental Element Article 32 The mental element of the crime is composed of the intention ( mens rea) or the mistake. the intention is present when the will of the perpetrator is directed to commit or omit an act, in order to produce a result punishable by law and which the perpetrator expected. The mistake occurs whenever the criminal result is achieved as a result of a mistake on the part of the perpetrator, whether such mistake is due to