1989, c. 214; Human Rights Act, S. Nu. 2003, c. 12; Human Rights Act, S.N.W.T. 2002,
c. H-12; Charter of human rights and freedoms, CQLR, c. C-12; Human Rights Act,
R.S.Y. 2002, c. 116; The Human Rights Code, C.C.S.M., c. H175; The Saskatchewan
Human Rights Code, 2018, S.S. 2018, c. S-24.2; An Act to amend the Canadian Human
Rights Act and the Criminal Code, S.C. 2017, c. 13).
[88]
In the wake of this legislative progress, judicial recognition of the plight of
transgender individuals in Canada is growing (see XY, at para. 164; see also Oger, at
para. 62; Vanderputten v. Seydaco Packaging Corp. (No. 1), 2012 HRTO 1977, 75
C.H.R.R. D/317, at para. 61; JY v. Mint Tanning Lounge, 2018 BCHRT 282, at para. 32
(CanLII); J.Y. v. Various Waxing Salons, 2019 BCHRT 106, 94 C.H.R.R. D/11, at
para. 33; X v. Hot Mess Salon, 2019 BCHRT 24, at para. 11 (CanLII); T.A. v. Manitoba
(Justice), 2019 MBHR 12, at para. 24 (CanLII); A.B. v. Correctional Service Canada,
2022 CHRT 15, at para. 41 (CanLII)). And in 2021, the Superior Court of Quebec held
that “[g]ender identity is analogous to the grounds listed at s. 15(1) of the Canadian
Charter” because “[g]ender identity is an immutable personal characteristic” (Centre
for Gender Advocacy v. Attorney General of Quebec, 2021 QCCS 191, 481 C.R.R. (2d)
273, at paras. 104 and 106).
[89]
Yet individual courts and tribunals have also recognized that, “despite
some gains, transgender people remain among the most marginalized in our society”
(Oger, at para. 62), and continue to live their lives facing “disadvantage, prejudice,
2023 SCC 14 (CanLII)
c. 18; Human Rights Code, R.S.O. 1990, c. H.19; Human Rights Act, R.S.P.E.I. 1988,
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