MR JUSTICE WARBY Approved Judgment Monroe v Hopkins [2017] EWHC 433 (QB) online, and anyone can view their Profile page online, even if they do not have a Twitter account. 11. Because not all people are on Twitter all of the time, Twitter has an internal metric of how many times it has actually had to display a particular tweet in any of the above guises: “Impressions”. For example, if @A is on Twitter only between 0900 until 1000 and 1800 until 1900, they may not see a tweet by @Person at 1200, because by the time they log back on to Twitter at 1800, so many tweets by the people that @A follows have been tweeted that @Person’s tweet is a long way down the Timeline. So Impressions records the number of times that a tweet is actually generated on a screen (of a phone/laptop) by a viewer of the tweet who is active at that time. 12. Any person who has a Twitter account (@3rdParty), and who sees a tweet they like (whether or not they follow that person) can ReTweet (“RT”) it: that is to say re-publish it by pressing a ‘re-tweet’ button. So if @Person tweets, and @3rdParty RTs, the tweet will be republished in its original format (with a small added tagline at the top) saying ‘@3rdParty Retweeted’. 13. RTs appear in on @3rdParty’s profile page, and are published to the followers of @3rdParty (whether or not those people follower @Person). 14. A regular tweet by @Person therefore appears on: - @Person’s Profile page; - in the Timelines of those who follow @Person - on the Profile pages of RTers - in the Timelines of those who follow the RTers 15. As well or instead of RTing a tweet by @Person, a @3rdParty can: - ‘Like’ the tweet (by clicking on a ‘heart’ or ‘star’ logo); Reply to the tweet (which starts the Reply with the usernames contained within the tweet, including that of the tweeter or any RTer); Expand the tweet (to see all Replies to it); Click on any hyperlink in the tweet Click on any hashtag, which launches a Twitter search for all tweets containing that particular hashtag Click on the permalink (a small link to the tweet’s unique URL) Click on @Person’s username (a link to @Person’s Profile page) Follow the tweeter (@Person) if they don’t do so already 16. All of these actions, including RTing, are called ‘Engagements’. The numbers of some Engagements (RTs, Replies, Likes) are recorded on the public face of the tweet, at the bottom. Other Engagements (Impressions, Expands, Hashtag clicks, Hyperlink clicks, Username clicks) are not on the public face of the tweet, and are only available through the Twitter Analytics service to @Person.