Ar cle 114 Persons of the civil law enjoy real rights in accordance with law. Real rights are the rights to directly and exclusively control a speci c thing by the right holder in accordance with law, which consists of the ownership, right to usufruct, and security interests in the property. Ar cle 115 Property consists of immovable and movable property. Where the law provides that a right shall be treated as property over which a real right lies, such provisions shall be followed. Ar cle 116 The categories and content of the real rights are provided by law. Ar cle 117 Where, for the purpose of public interests, an immovable or movable property is expropriated or requisi oned according to the scope of authority and the procedure provided by law, fair and reasonable compensa on shall be paid. Ar cle 118 Persons of the civil law have rights in personam in accordance with law. A right in personam is the right of an obligee to request a speci c obligor to do or not to do a certain act, as arising from a contract, a tor ous act, a nego orum ges o, or unjust enrichment, or otherwise arising by opera on of law. Ar cle 119 A contract formed in accordance with law is legally binding on the par es to the contract. Ar cle 120 Where a person’s civil-law rights and interests are infringed upon due to a tor ous act, the person is en tled to request the tor easor to bear tort liability. Ar cle 121 A person who, without a statutory or contractual obliga on, engages in management ac vi es to prevent another person from su ering loss of interests, is en tled to request the said other person who receives bene t therefrom to reimburse the necessary expenses thus incurred. Ar cle 122 Where a person obtains unjust interests at the expense of another person’s loss without a legal cause, the person thus harmed is en tled to request the enriched person to make res tu on. Ar cle 123 The persons of the civil law enjoy intellectual property rights in accordance with law. Intellectual property rights are the exclusive rights enjoyed by the right holders in accordance with law over the following subject ma ers: (1) works; (2) inven ons, new u lity models, or designs; (3) trademarks; (4) geographical indica ons; (5) trade secrets; (6) designs of integrated circuits; (7) new plant varie es; and (8) the other subject ma ers as provided by law. Ar cle 124 A natural person has the right to succession in accordance with law. Private property lawfully owned by a natural person may be transferred through inheritance in accordance with law. Ar cle 125 The persons of the civil law enjoy shareholder rights and other investor rights in accordance with law. Ar cle 126 The persons of the civil law enjoy other civil-law rights and interests as provided by law. Ar cle 127 Where there are laws par cularly providing for the protec on of data and online virtual assets, ti ti ti ti ti ti ti ti fi fi ti ti ti ti ti ff ti tf tt tt ti ti ti fi ti ti ti ti ti ti ti ti ti ti ti ti ti ti ti ti ti ti ti 16