Judgment No. SC 47/18
Civil Appeal No. SC 695/15
This provision is clear that derogation from a fundamental right is permissible if two
conditions are fulfilled. These are firstly, that it should be prescribed in terms of a law of general
application and secondly, that such derogation is fair, reasonable and justifiable in a democratic
society. The limitation in casu is prescribed in terms of s 6 (1) and (2) of the Fiscal Appeal Court
Act [Chapter 23:05] which gives the court power to summon witnesses, to call for the production
of and grant inspection of books and documents and to examine witnesses on oath therefore that
requirement of it being prescribed by a law of general application is satisfied.
What is reasonably justifiable in a democratic society is a concept which cannot be
defined with precision. As this Court said in Re Munhumeso
& Ors 1994 (1) ZLR 49 (S), at p
64B:“What is reasonably justifiable in
cannot be precisely defined by the
of reasonableness of the provision
arbitrarily invades the enjoyment
a democratic society is an elusive concept courts. There is no legal yardstick save that
under challenge is to be judged according to
of a constitutionally guaranteed right. See,
one which
the quality
whether it
generally,
Commissioner of Taxes v CW (Pvt) Ltd 1989 (3) ZLR 361 (S) at 370F-372C, 1990 (2) SA
260 (ZS) at 265B-266D.”
The import of these remarks is that the limitation imposed on a right should not
arbitrarily infringe upon the right guaranteed in the Constitution. It is the appellant’s case that the
subpoena issued in compliance with the law arbitrarily infringes upon its right to privacy. The
court a quo as highlighted, made a finding that the appellants’ right to privacy is countervailed by
other rights such as the first respondent’s right of access to information. This position 1s supported
in Bernstein v Bester NO 1996 (2) SA 751 (CC) at para 67 where the following pronouncement
was made:
“The truism that no right is to be considered absolute implies that from the outset of
interpretation each right is always already limited by every other right accruing to another
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