30 UNITED STATES V. MOHAMUD as a teenager trying to talk tough, they were enough to support the jury’s finding, and for us to conclude that Mohamud was not the “otherwise innocent person” that the entrapment-as-a-matter-of-law doctrine requires. Smith, 802 F.2d at 1124; cf. United States v. Cromitie, 727 F.3d 194, 207–08 (2d Cir. 2013) (holding that the defendant in a similar case was not entrapped as a matter of law, and observing that “potential terrorists who are available to be recruited by Al Qaeda or similar groups” may not have necessarily already formed a specific plan, but “[t]heir predisposition is to have a state of mind that inclines them to inflict harm on the United States, be willing to die like a martyr, be receptive to a recruiter’s presentation, . . . and welcome an invitation to participate”). In addition, the jury learned of Mohamud’s correspondence with Al-Ali, which began months before the first contact from Bill Smith. The jury also learned of Mohamud’s desire to go abroad and study at the Islamic school in Yemen that Al-Ali recommended to him. A government expert testified that this school was founded by a Muslim cleric who supported jihad and that it served as a “stepping stone” to violent jihad, especially for people from the West. As detailed above, the same day that Al-Ali told Mohamud about the school in Yemen, Mohamud apparently made plans to leave the United States. Though Mohamud ultimately remained in the country, the jury could have reasonably interpreted his attempt as evidence of a predisposition to commit the crime charged. Further, Mohamud continued to demonstrate interest in attending the school in his December 2009 emails to Al-Ali, which occurred after the Bill Smith emails.