RIVADULLA DURÓ v. SPAIN DECISION On 30.12.15: “They call graffiti artists a criminal gang and not the monarchy. What an insane State.” On 18.01.16, next to a cartoon where the King Emeritus appears next to a Saudi person carrying out a decapitation: “The mafia monarchy that gives lessons to countries where nobody is evicted.” On 21.01.16: “The friends of the Spanish kingdom bombing hospitals while Juan Carlos goes whoring with them.” On 21.01.16: “One of the CUP [Candidatura d’Unitat Popular, a pro-Catalan independence party] speaking out against the monarchy while the IU [United Left party] is laughing with them in the Zarzuela [Palace – residence of the monarch].” On 24.01.16: “The shit P. Iglesias [then leader of the Podemos party] giggling in the Zarzuela without reproaching the Borbóns for the atrocities for which they are responsible.” On 25.01.16: “While they call Cuba a terrible tyranny where with fewer resources they don’t evict people, they hide the Borbón mafia business in Saudi Arabia.” On 25.01.16: “No matter how many millions they invest in manipulation, no matter how untouchable they are, the monarchy will go down in history as the parasites they are.” On 26.01.16, next to a picture of the King Emeritus with Saudi leaders: “The Spanish State giving arms to the criminal friends of the monarchy so they can bomb Yemen. Let it be known.” On 29.01.16, next to a photograph of a child with advanced malnutrition on weighing scales: “Because of Saudi Arabia the children of Yemen suffer like this. The business of the democratic friends of the mafiosi Borbón family.” On 21.02.16: “Ada Colau [then mayor of Barcelona] will not call the King [Emeritus] a criminal for selling arms to Saudi Arabia or living in luxury at the expense of misery, she criminalises the strikes.” On 24.12.16: “One more year with the mafia-like and medieval monarchy insulting intelligence and divinity with public money. It seems deceitful.” On 26 August 2016 the applicant posted a video (see paragraph 5 below) with the title “Pablo Hasel ... Juan Carlos el Bobón” (Bobón meaning “idiot” but sounding close to “Borbón”) in which the King Emeritus was accused of squandering public money, of murdering his brother, of spending money on “binges and whores”, of being a drunkard, a “mafia boss” and a “stinking chieftain (cacique)”, of being “useful to his [drug] dealer and the owner of the whorehouse”, and of colluding with (Antonio) Tejero (leader of the failed coup in 1981). 4. The third set of tweets concerned the police and security forces. They read as follows: On 23.03.14: “50 policemen injured? These fucking mercenaries bite their tongues while beating people and saying that they are wounded.” On 24.03.14: “Proud of those who responded to the aggressions of the police.” On 25.03.14: “Now the riot police are crying when they have always beaten and tortured thousands and thousands of people, they have evicted them with batons etc.” 3