Article 14 [Science, Arts] The State shall promote science, letters, and the arts and encourage scientific research therein. Article 15 [Health Care] The State cares for public health and for means of prevention and treatment of diseases and epidemics. Article 16 [Property Rights] Property, capital, and work are fundamental constituents of the social structure of the State and of the national wealth. All of them are individual rights with a social function as regulated by law. Article 17 [Public Property] Public property is inviolable and its protection is the duty of every citizen. Article 18 [Private Property, Inheritance] (1) Private property is inviolable. No one shall be prevented from disposing of his property except within the limits of the law. No property shall be expropriated except for the public benefit under the circumstances and in the manner specified by law, and on condition that just compensation is paid. (2) Inheritance is a right governed by the Islamic Shari’a. Article 19 [Confiscation] General confiscation of the property of any person shall be prohibited. Confiscation of particular property as a penalty may not be inflicted except by court judgment in the circumstances specified by law. Article 20 [National Economy] The national economy shall be based on social justice. It is founded on fair cooperation between public and private activities. Its aim shall be economic development, increase of productivity, improvement of the standard of living, and achievement of prosperity for citizens, all within the limits of the law. Article 21 [Natural Resources] Natural resources and all revenues there from are the property of the State. It shall ensure their preservation and proper exploitation, due regard being given to the requirements of State security and the national economy. 4