Technical and vocational education and training cover all professions and skills provided by public and private technical and vocational education and training institutions, enterprises, communities, family or in co-operation between technical and vocational education and training institutions and enterprises and/or communities and family. Article 20: Educational personnel training The state shall train educational personnel prior to and/or in service. Educational personnel shall undergo pedagogical training recognized by the Ministry in charge of Education, except professors and staff working in higher educational establishments. The Ministry in charge of Education shall determine the fundamental programs for educational personnel training, and physical and professional criteria for the recruitment of public and private educational personnel. CHAPTER V QUALITY AND EFFECIENCY OF EDUCATION Article 21: Quality and efficiency of education The state shall promote the quality of education to satisfy the basic education and professional needs for the careers of the learners to better improve their capacity and to enable the learners to efficiently participate in the development of the country. The state shall pay attention to equip appropriate and modern technique of teaching and learning to ensure its quality and efficiency. National Education Standards, National Training Standards and/or National Capacity Standards shall be set by the Ministry in charge of Education in line with the policies of the Supreme National Council of Education. -8-