NIX v. GERMANY DECISION
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that constituted propaganda for the respective organisations or their
ideology. In Vajnai v. Hungary (no. 33629/06, ECHR 2008) the Court
considered that it could not be imputed that the fact that a person used a
symbol that could stand for totalitarian notions but also for other meanings
indicated that he or she used the symbol to identify with totalitarian ideas.
Rather, the context was to guide the assessment.
40. In that regard, he submitted that the domestic courts had not taken all
the circumstances of the case into account and had thus failed to consider
that his blog post had constituted a protest against discrimination against
children with a migrant background and the working methods of the
employment office, which he considered to resemble those employed by the
Nazis. Notably, the domestic courts had not taken into account the fact that
he had posted in a critical manner about capitalism and about the dealings
between the employment office and his daughter several times, but had
looked at the post of 23 March 2014 in isolation. Nor had they taken into
account the fact that the authorities had admitted that there was no legal
basis for the employment office to demand a copy of his daughter’s latest
school report and that there had been various reports in the media indicating
that children of persons receiving social welfare payments and children with
a migrant background were discriminated against in schools and by
employment offices. His blog post had been intended to contribute to a
debate of public interest about such discrimination and institutional racism.
41. Furthermore, it had to be taken into account that he had not used the
swastika as such, but had rather used a historic picture of Himmler. Had he
used a picture of Himmler that had not shown him wearing a swastika, this
would not have been criminally sanctioned. Likewise, it was not
understandable why the domestic courts had made reference to him not
having distanced himself from the quoted statement given the fact that
reproducing the statement as such had not been prohibited. In any event, the
domestic courts had been wrong to consider that he had not addressed the
statement in his blog post. He had contrasted Himmler’s statement with that
of the staff member of the employment office to illustrate the fact that
professional success could nowadays be achieved only if children and
young adults – especially those with foreign roots – cooperated with the
employment offices, just as they had been required to cooperate with the SS
during the Nazi era.
42. Article 10 of the Convention, in so far as relevant, reads as follows:
“1. Everyone has the right to freedom of expression. This right shall include
freedom to hold opinions and to receive and impart information and ideas without
interference by public authority and regardless of frontiers. ...
2. The exercise of these freedoms, since it carries with it duties and responsibilities,
may be subject to such formalities, conditions, restrictions or penalties as are
prescribed by law and are necessary in a democratic society, in the interests of
national security, territorial integrity or public safety, for the prevention of disorder or
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