enjoy each and every one of the freedoms together
and clause (1) does not prefer one freedom to
another. That is the plain meaning of this clause. It
follows from this that the State cannot make a law
which directly restricts one freedom even for
securing the better enjoyment of another freedom.
All the greater reason, therefore for holding that the
State cannot directly restrict one freedom by placing
an otherwise permissible restriction on another
freedom.” (at page 863)
22.
Before we come to each of these expressions, we must
understand what is meant by the expression “in the interests
of”.
In The Superintendent, Central Prison, Fatehgarh v.
Ram Manohar Lohia, [1960] 2 S.C.R. 821, this Court laid
down:
“We do not understand the observations of the
Chief Justice to mean that any remote or fanciful
connection between the impugned Act and the
public order would be sufficient to sustain its validity.
The learned Chief Justice was only making a
distinction between an Act which expressly and
directly purported to maintain public order and one
which did not expressly state the said purpose but
left it to be implied there from; and between an Act
that directly maintained public order and that
indirectly brought about the same result. The
distinction does not ignore the necessity for intimate
connection between the Act and the public order
sought to be maintained by the Act.” (at pages 834,
835)
“The restriction made "in the interests of public
order" must also have reasonable relation to the
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