CONTENTS Executive summary iv Tables and figures vi 1. Introduction 1 2. Penetration and GNI 2 3. Mobile operator revenues, market shares and prices 3 4. Gender gap 6 5. Urban–rural divide 7 6. Affordability 8 7. Smartphones driving Internet adoption 9 8. No energy, no Internet 10 9. Financial inclusion 12 10. Conclusions and recommendations 13 11. References 15