Composed of 60 eminent judges and lawyers from all regions of the world, the International Commission of Jurists promotes and protects human rights through the Rule of Law, by using its unique legal expertise to de- velop and strengthen national and international justice systems. Established in 1952 and active on the five continents, the ICJ aims to ensure the progressive development and effective implementation of international human rights and international humanitarian law; secure the realization of civil, cultural, economic, political and so- cial rights; safeguard the separation of powers; and guarantee the independence of the judiciary and legal profession. © Copyright International Commission of Jurists The ICJ permits free reproduction of extracts from any of its publications provided that due acknowledgment is given and a copy of the publication carrying the extract is sent to its head- quarters at the following address: International Commission of Jurists P.O. Box 91 33, rue des Bains Geneva Switzerland