Federal Negarit Gazeta - No. S5 I ~ July, 2004 ... Page 191 "Performer" means actor, singer, musician, dancer, and other person who act, sing, deliver, declaim, play in, or otherwise perform literary and artistic works; 201 221 . 281 "Sound recording" means an exclusively aural fixation of the sounds of performance or other sounds or a representation thereof, regardless of the method by which the sounds are fixed or the medium in which the sounds are embodied. However, it does not include a fixation of sound and images such as the sound track of an audiovisual work; 291 "A work of joint ownership" means a work to .the creation of which two or more authors have contributed, provided that the work does not qualify as a 'collective work' under Sub Article (5) of this Article. 301 "Work" means a production in the literary, scientific and Artistic fields. It includes in particular: "Producer" means a person that undertakes the initiative and responsibility for the making of the audiovisual works; 21 I "Producer of sound recording" means a person that undertakes the initiative and responsibility for the makingof Sound recording works; "Published work" means a work or a sound recording, tangible copies of which have been made available to the public in a reasonable quantity for sale, rental, public lending or for other transfer of the ownership or the possession of the copies, provided that, in the case of a work, the making available to the public took place with the consent of the author or other owner of copyright, and in the case of a sound recording, with the consent of the producer ofthe sound recording." 231 "Public lending" means a temporary transfer of possession of an originalwork or a copy of a work or sound recoding by libraries, archives or similar institutions whose service is available to the public .' , without making profit; 241 "Public performance" mean: a) Performing a work to the public by recitation, playing, dancing, acting or otherwise, either directly or using any 'communication media; . b) In case of an audio-visual work, showing the images in sequence and; . c) In case of sound recording making the sound recording audible to the public. Page Federal Negaru Gazeta - No. 55 19'" July. 2004 ... a a) books, booklets, articles in reviews and newspaper, computer programs; b) speeches, lectures, addresses, sermons, and other oral works; c) dramatic, dramatico-musical works, pantomimes, choreographic works, and other works created for stage production; d) musical compositions; e) audiovisual works; f) works of architecture; g) works of drawing, painting, sculpture, engraving, lithography, tapestry, and other works of fine arts; h) photographic works; i) illustrations, maps, plans, sketches, and three dimensional works related to geography, topography, architecture or science. iI. Scope of application 251 "Reproduction" means the making of one or more copies of a work or sound recording in any manner or form, including any permanent or temporary storage of work or sound; recording in electronic form; 261 "Reprographic reproduction" means the making of facsimile copies of the original or a copy of a work by means other than printing such as photocopying, whether or not they are reduced or enlarged in scale; 27/ "Rental" means a temporary'transfer of possession of a work, sound recording or fixation of performance for a profit making purposes; 1/ The provisions of this Proclamation concerning the protection of works shall apply to: a) works of authors who are nationals of, or have their principal residence in Ethiopia; b) works first published in Ethiopia and, works first published abroad and also published in Ethiopia· within 30 days, irrespective of the nationality or residence of their authors; c) audiovisual works, the producer of which has his headquarters or principal residence in Ethiopia; and