3.3 Can an Information Officer help me make a PAIA request?............................................. 35 3.4 What legal remedies do I have when my PAIA request is denied? .................................. 38 3.4.1 Legal Recourse against Public Bodies ....................................................................... 39 3.4.1.1. Who may lodge an internal appeal? .................................................................... 39 3.4.1.2 When may you lodge an internal appeal?................................................................ 40 3.4.1.3 How do I make an internal appeal? ......................................................................... 41 3.4.1.4 What happens when an internal appeal is lodged after the expiry date of the prescribed period? .................................................................................................................. 42 3.4.1.5 What are the fees for internal appeals?................................................................... 43 3.4.2. Legal Recourse against Private Bodies ..................................................................... 43 3.4.3. What will happen to my case in court? .................................................................... 44 SECTION 4 ....................................................................................................................................... 45 4.1. When Access to Information may be Refused ................................................................. 46 4.2. Mandatory v Discretional grounds for refusing access to information ............................ 47 4.3. Grounds for refusal of access to information .................................................................. 48 4.3.1. Protection of the privacy of a third party ................................................................. 48 4.3.2. Protection of commercial information of a third party ............................................ 50 4.3.3. Protection of confidential information .................................................................... 51 4.3.4. Protection of the safety of individual and property ................................................. 51 4.3.5. Protection of information in legal proceedings ........................................................ 52 4.3.6. Protection of Research Information ......................................................................... 52 4.3.7. Information which may be refused access to ........................................................... 53 4.4. Public Interest Override................................................................................................... 55 SECTION 5 ....................................................................................................................................... 56 5.1. Key references ..................................................................................................................... 57 5.2. PAIA Regulations ................................................................................................................. 57 5.3. PAIA Amendments .............................................................................................................. 58 5.4. Amendments to PAIA Regulations ....................................................................................... 59 5.5. Other useful PAIA resources ................................................................................................ 59 South African Human Rights Commission 5