CHAPTER III
ELECTRONIC DOCUMENTS
13. Attribution of communications.(1) Unless otherwise agreed as between an originator and
the addressee, an electronic communication shall be deemed to be that of the originator if it was
sent:__
(a) by the originator himself;
(b) by a person who had the authority to act for and on behalf of the originator in respect of
that electronic communication ; or
(c) by an automated information system programmed by, or on behalf of the originator.
(2) Unless otherwise agreed as between the originator and the addressee, the addressee is to
regard an electronic communication as being that of the originator, is entitled to act on that
assumption if:___
(a) the addressee has no reason to suspect the authenticity of the electronic communication;
or
(b) there do not exist any circumstances where the addressee knows, or ought to have known
by exercising reasonable care, that the electronic communication was not authentic.
14. Acknowledgment of receipt.(1) Unless otherwise agreed where the originator has stated that
the electronic communication is conditional on receipt of acknowledgment, the electronic
communication is treated as though it has never been sent, until the acknowledgment is received.
(2) Where the originator has not agreed with the addressee that the acknowledgment be given in a
particular form or by a particular method, an acknowledgment may be given by:__
(a) any communication, automated or otherwise, by the addressee ; or
(b) any conduct of the addressee, sufficient to indicate to the originator that the electronic
communication is received.
15. Time and place of dispatch and receipt of electronic communi
cation.__(1) Unless otherwise agreed between the originator and the addressee, the dispatch of an
electronic communication occurs when it enters an information system outside the control of the
originator.
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