12. The chairman announces the commencement and closing of the meetings, directs the discussions and sees to the observance of law and smooth operation of the collective body. Article 15 Resolutions 1. The resolutions of the collective bodies are made by absolute majority of the attending members, unless the law stipulates otherwise If such majority cannot be attained, the voting is repeated until absolute majority is attained, with the compulsory agreement each time of the person or persons who express the weakest opinion, with one of the prevailing ones. In case of equal votes, the chairman's vote is prevailing, unless the voting is secret, in which case it is repeated once more, any equal votes in this case amounts to rejection. Any member who abstains from voting or gives a blank vote is considered as absent. If the discussion of the matter lasts for more than one meetings, the resolution is made by the members participating in the last meeting provided that any members who did not participate in the preceding meetings are fully informed of the material points of the discussions. The said members certify in the minutes that they have been informed accordingly. The voting is not secret, unless the law stipulates otherwise. Minutes are drawn up for the meetings of the collective body which state, in particular, the names and capacities of the attending members, the place and time of the meeting, the issues discussed with brief but concise reference to their content, the form and results of voting and the resolutions made. The opinions of the minority members and, in case of open voting, the names thereof are also recorded in the minutes. If the body holds the meeting to express a simple opinion, all other opinions expressed and put to vote should be recorded in the relevant minutes. The minutes are drawn up by the secretary and certified by me chairman. The signature of the chairman or his/her substitute is sufficient for the lawful foundation of each deed of the collective body. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. THIRD CHAPTER ADMINISTRATIVE DEED Article 16 Content and form 1. 2. The administrative deed is in writing, states the issuing authority and the applicable provisions and bears the date and signature of the competent body. The individual administrative deed also states the possibility, if any, of filing a special administrative or remedial appeal under article 25 and mentions the competent body for examination, the time limit and the consequences of failure to file such appeal. Any appeal made in accordance with the said information of the service cannot produce consequences against the appellant. The failure to mention the applicable provisions and the information stated in the second sentence does not imply that the deed is invalid. The individual administrative deed may, exceptionally, be oral if this is necessary for the achievement of the purpose thereof. To this end, the use of symbols is also permitted provided that the receivers of the deed are able to understand its content. 8