THE PENAL CODE “Judge.” 19. The word “Judge” denotes not only every person who is officially designated as a Judge, but also every person who is empowered by law to give, in any legal proceeding, civil or criminal, a definitive judgment, or a judgment which, if not appealed against, would be definitive, or a judgment which, if confirmed by some other authority, would be definitive, or who is one of a body of persons, which body of persons is empowered by law to give such a judgment. Illustrations (a) A Collector exercising jurisdiction in a suit under Act X of 1859 is a Judge. (b) A Judge exercising jurisdiction in respect of a charge on which he has power to sentence to fine or imprisonment, with or without appeal, is a judge. (c) * * * * (d) A Judge exercising jurisdiction in respect of a charge on which he has power only to commit for trial to another Court is not a Judge. <Amendment 07.01.2016> “Court of Justice.” 20. The words “ Court of Justice” denote a Judge who is empowered by law to act judicially alone, or a body of Judges which is empowered by law to act judicially as a body when such Judge or body of Judges is acting judicially. “Public servant.” 21. The words “public servant” denote a person falling under any of the descriptions hereinafter following namely:– First. - Every covenanted servant of the Government: Second. - Every commissioned Officer in the Defence Services: Third. - Every Judge: Fourth. - Every officer of a Court of Justice whose duty it is, as such officer, to investigate or report on any matter of law or fact, or to make, authenticate, or keep any document, or to take charge or dispose of any property, or to execute any judicial process, or to administer any oath, or to interpret, or to preserve order in the Court: and every person specially authorized by a Court of Justice to perform any of such duties: Fifth. - Every juryman, assessor, or administrator of ward or village-tract assisting a Court of Justice or public servant; Sixth. - Every arbitrator or other person to whom any cause or matter has been referred for decision or report by any Court of Justice, or by any other competent public authority; Seventh. - Every person who holds any office by virtue of which he is empowered to place or keep any person in confinement; Eighth. - Every officer of Government whose duty it is, as such officer, to prevent offences, to give information of offences, to bring offenders to justice, or to protect the public health, safety or convenience; Page 3 of 125