constituteproject.org PDF generated: 18 Apr 2016, 15:22 The modalities of management and of concession of the domain of the State specified in the preceding paragraph are determined by the law. Chapter 2: Of Nationality • Requirements for birthright citizenship Article 10 Congolese nationality is one and exclusive. It may not be held concurrently with any other. • Requirements for naturalization The Congolese nationality is either of origin, or by individual acquisition. Any person belonging to an ethnic group of which the members [personnes] and the territory are constituent to that which became the Congo (presently the Democratic Republic of the Congo) at independence, is Congolese of origin. TITLE II: OF HUMAN RIGHTS, OF FUNDAMENTAL FREEDOMS AND OF THE DUTIES OF THE CITIZEN AND OF THE STATE Chapter 1: Of Civil and Political Rights • Human dignity Article 11 All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and in rights. However, the enjoyment of political rights is recognized to Congolese only, save for the exceptions established by the law. • General guarantee of equality Article 12 All Congolese are equal before the law and have the right to equal protection of the laws. • Equality regardless of creed or belief • Equality regardless of social status • Equality regardless of tribe or clan • Equality regardless of political party • Equality regardless of parentage • Equality regardless of race • Equality regardless of language • Equality regardless of religion • General guarantee of equality • Equality regardless of gender Article 13 No Congolese person may, in matters of education or of access to public functions or any other matter, be subject to a discriminatory measure, that results from the law or from an act of the executive, for reason of his religion, of his family origin, of his social condition, of his residence, of his opinion or political convictions, or his belonging to a certain race, to an ethnicity, to a tribe, [or] to a cultural or linguistic minority. Article 14 The public powers see to the elimination of any form of discrimination concerning women and assure the protection and the promotion of their rights. Congo (Democratic Republic of the) 2005 (rev. 2011) Page 7