2. A contract or an agreement may be deemed to infringe the preceding paragraph if it: a) Consists in arrangements between or among service providers to fix their prices or other conditions of trading; b) Provides for service providers to share or allocate between or among them telecommunications markets or sources of supply or otherwise not to compete in certain areas or over certain customers or customer groups; or c) Unduly prevents a supplier of products, services or resources inside or outside of TimorLeste from providing products, services or resources that are essential for the provision of telecommunications services by other service providers. 3. A service provider may be deemed to have engaged in conduct that infringes paragraph 1 of this article where it: a) Supplies, without a verifiable justification, a telecommunications service at prices below cost for a sustained period of time such that competitors are reasonably likely to leave or be deterred from entering the market; b) Holds an essential ‘upstream’ input on which competitors depend to provide a related product in a ‘downstream’ telecommunications market, and charges such competitors a price for the use of such infrastructure resulting in a margin between the upstream cost and the price for downstream customers that prevents a service provider from competing effectively; c) Makes the execution of contracts for products and/or services, in a telecommunications market in which it has a dominant position, conditional upon the acceptance of supplementary obligations which, by their nature or according to commercial usage, have no connection with the subject of such contracts, without any objective justification for imposing such conditions; d) Bundles a product or service with a product or service in a telecommunications market in which it is dominant in a manner that provides an implicit discount or any other benefit in respect of the former product or service that cannot practicably be replicated by other service providers; e) Refuses without objective justification to supply to other service providers, on reasonable terms and conditions, a product, service or resource that is essential for such service providers to provide telecommunications services and that, for technical, legal, economic or other reasons, such service providers cannot practicably produce or supply; f) Prevents, without objective justification, customers from moving to other service providers, in a telecommunications market in which it is dominant, by requiring excessive exit payments for the termination of contracts or excessively long contracts or other similar means; or