Public legal entities, private legal entities and/or natural persons have the right to raise the proposal of formation of educational establishments. The Ministry in charge of education shall prepare regulations and principles for the establishment and administration of either public or private educational institution according to their types. The closure, merger, establishing of new subjects, separation and transformation of educational institutions shall be determined in separate regulation. All educational institutions and training classes shall have educational licenses in advance, before operating. Article 12: Type of educational establishments The determination of all types of educational establishments shall be in accordance with their educational mission. The Ministry in charge of education shall prepare regulations and guidelines on the determination of the types of educational establishments. Article 13: Autonomy of educational institutions Higher educational institutions shall be provided rights as institutions managerial autonomy. The administrations of higher education institutions shall be based on the principles of accountability, transparency and public interest. The Ministry in charge of Education shall issue a guideline on the provision of the managerial autonomy to institutions. Article 14: Issuance of certificates and diplomas A certificate or diploma shall be awarded to a learner who has fulfilled all the requirements of the studies set by the educational establishments. A certificate or diploma shall be withdrawn or rejected by the responsible Ministry or educational establishments that issued the certificate or diploma if an inspection discovers the incorrectness of the educational process of the learner or the incorrectness of the decision to award the certificate or diploma to the learner. -5-