7. Support for programs aimed at encouraging conservation and sustainable harvesting e.g. trust funds 8. Establishing professional networks and payment of salaries 5.3.2 Resource Owners and Users Owners of the resources e.g. private land owners or local communities 1. Fees e.g. access fees, sample collected, licence and other fees for any services rendered 2. Royalties, Training / capacity building, Technology transfer 3. Licenses to manufacture / market resultant products 4. Development of supply industries or raw materials / extracts 5. Commercial products e.g. drugs at cost price 6. Joint ownership of patents and other intellectual property rights (IPR) 7. Support to small scale industries 8. Support for programs aimed at encouraging conservation and sustainable harvesting Local resource users or community groups e.g. traditional healers, bee keepers, among others through an association or through a national body tasked with handling such benefits. This should not focus entirely on financial benefits alone. In some instances, the benefits should take the form of infrastructure development or capacity building. These should be done through established community efforts and structures. 1. Fees e.g. access fees, sample collected, licence and other fees for any services rendered 2. Royalties, Training, Technology transfer 3. Licenses to manufacture / market resultant products 4. Development of supply industries or raw materials / extracts 5. Commercial products e.g. drugs at cost price 6. Joint ownership of patents and other intellectual property rights (IPR) 7. Collaboration in education / training related to genetic resources management 8. Support to small scale industries 9. Establishing professional networks Those who access the resource for research or commercial purposes 1. Training, Technology transfer 2. Joint ownership of patents and other intellectual property rights (IPR) 3. Collaboration in education / training related to genetic resources management 4. Supporting small scale industries based on accessing genetic resources 5. Collaborating / participating in research programs 6. Establishing professional networks 5.4 Mechanisms for Sharing Benefits Agreements on the benefits to be shared, identification of persons with whom these benefits are to be shared and how the benefits will be transferred from one party to the other must be concluded prior to accessing the genetic resources. The mechanism for sharing of any monetary benefits will be mutually agreed with beneficiaries in advance, and may involve the transfer of funds to a nominated account. Other mechanisms will also be agreed upon between the parties according to the type of benefits to be shared. Guidelines for Access to Genetic Resources and Benefit Sharing  23