HURBAIN v. BELGIUM JUDGMENT of his or her “private life” (see, as a recent authority, Denisov v. Ukraine [GC], no. 76639/11, § 97, 25 September 2018). However, as in other spheres protected by Article 8, in order for that provision to come into play an attack on a person’s reputation must attain a certain level of seriousness and be made in a manner causing prejudice to personal enjoyment of the right to respect for private life. This requirement pertains to both social and professional reputation. Likewise, Article 8 cannot be relied on in order to complain of a loss of reputation which is the foreseeable consequence of one’s own actions, such as the commission of a criminal offence. This rule is not limited to reputational damage but has been expanded to a wider principle according to which any personal, social, psychological and economic suffering that could be foreseeable consequences of the commission of a criminal offence cannot be relied on in order to complain that a criminal conviction in itself amounts to an interference with the right to respect for “private life”. This extended principle should cover not only criminal offences but also other misconduct entailing a measure of legal responsibility with foreseeable negative effects on “private life” (ibid., §§ 98 and 112). 190. The Court further reiterates that where there has been compilation of data on a particular individual, processing or use of personal data or publication of the material concerned in a manner or degree beyond that normally foreseeable, private-life considerations arise. The Court has acknowledged that the protection of personal data is of fundamental importance to a person’s enjoyment of his or her right to respect for private and family life as guaranteed by Article 8 of the Convention (see Satakunnan Markkinapörssi Oy and Satamedia Oy v. Finland [GC], no. 931/13, §§ 136-37, 27 June 2017). It has also held that Article 8 of the Convention provides for the right to a form of informational self-determination, allowing individuals to rely on their right to privacy as regards data which, albeit neutral, are collected, processed and disseminated collectively and in such a form or manner that their Article 8 rights may be engaged (ibid., § 137). 191. For a number of years now, with the development of technology and communication tools, a growing number of persons have sought to protect their interests under what is known as the “right to be forgotten”. This is based on the individual’s interest in obtaining the erasure or alteration of, or the limitation of access to, past information that affects the way in which he or she is currently perceived. By seeking to have that information disappear, the persons concerned wish to avoid being confronted indefinitely with their past actions or public statements, in a variety of contexts such as, for instance, job-seeking and business relations. 192. It is clear that personal information that is published and has been available on the Internet for some time may have a far-reaching negative impact on how the person concerned is perceived by public opinion. There is also a risk of other harmful effects: firstly, the aggregation of information, which may lead to the creation of a profile of the person concerned (in that 65

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