‫ﺤﻕ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﺎﻉ ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻋﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫‪12‬ـ‬ ‫)‪(1‬‬ ‫ﻻ ﻴﻌﺩ ﺍﻝﻔﻌل ﺠﺭﻴﻤﺔ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻭﻗﻊ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺍﺴﺘﻌﻤﺎل ﺤﻕ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﺎﻉ ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻋﻲ ﺍﺴﺘﻌﻤﺎﻻﹰ ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﹰﺎ ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪(2‬‬ ‫ﻴﻨﺸﺄ ﺤﻕ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﺎﻉ ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻋﻲ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻭﺍﺠﻪ ﺍﻝﺸﺨﺹ ﺨﻁﺭ ﺇﻋﺘﺩﺍﺀ ﺤﺎل ﺃﻭ ﻭﺸﻴﻙ ﺍﻝﻭﻗﻭﻉ ‪ ,‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﻨﻔﺴﻪ ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻤﺎﻝﻪ ﺃﻭ ﻋﺭﻀﻪ ﺃﻭ ﻨﻔﺱ ﺍﻝﻐﻴﺭ ﺃﻭ ﻤﺎﻝﻪ ﺃﻭ ﻋﺭﻀﻪ ‪ ,‬ﻭﻜﺎﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﺫﺭ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﺘﻘﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﺨﻁﺭ ﺒﺎﻝﻠﺠﻭﺀ‬ ‫ﺇﻝﻲ ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺒﺄﻱ ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺃﺨﺭﻯ ‪ ,‬ﻭﻴﺠﻭﺯ ﻝﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺩﻓﻊ ﺍﻝﺨﻁﺭ ﺒﻘﺩﺭ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻠﺯﻡ ﻝﺭﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﺎﻝﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺎﺴﺒﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪(3‬‬ ‫ﻻ ﻴﻨﺸﺄ ﺤﻕ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﺎﻉ ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻋﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻅﻑ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻴﻌﻤل ﻓﻲ ﺤﺩﻭﺩ ﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﻭﻅﻴﻔﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺇﻻ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺨﻴﻑ ﺘﺴﺒﻴﺏ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺕ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻷﺫﻯ ﺍﻝﺠﺴﻴﻡ ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪(4‬‬ ‫ﻻ ﻴﺒﻠﻎ ﺤﻕ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﺎﻉ ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻋﻲ ﺘﻌﻤﺩ ﺘﺴﺒﻴﺏ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺕ ﺇﻻ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﺨﻁﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﺩ ﺩﻓﻌﻪ ﻴﺨﺸﻰ ﻤﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺃﺤﺩﺍﺙ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺕ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻷﺫﻯ ﺍﻝﺠﺴﻴﻡ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻻﻏﺘﺼﺎﺏ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺩﺭﺍﺝ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﺨﻁﻑ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﺤﺭﺍﺒﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﺏ ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﻝﺠﻨﺎﺌﻲ ﻝﻤﺎل ﺃﻭ ﻤﺭﻓﻕ ﻋﺎﻡ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻹﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﻝﺠﻨﺎﺌﻲ ﺒﺎﻹﻏﺭﺍﻕ ﺃﻭ ﺒﺈﺸﻌﺎل ﺍﻝﻨﺎﺭ ﺃﻭ ﺒ���ﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺭﻗﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻨﺎﺴﻔﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﻤﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻜﺭﺍﻩ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪13‬ـ‬ ‫)‪(1‬‬ ‫ﻻ ﻴﻌﺩ ﻤﺭﺘﻜﺒﹰﺎ ﺠﺭﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﺸﺨﺹ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺃﻜﺭﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻔﻌل ﺒﺎﻹﺠﺒﺎﺭ ﺃﻭ ﺒﺎﻝﺘﻬﺩﻴﺩ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺘل ﺃﻭ ﺒﺄﺫﻯ‬ ‫ﺠﺴﻴﻡ ﻋﺎﺠل ﻴﺼﻴﺒﻪ ﻓﻲ ﻨﻔﺴﻪ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻫﻠﻪ ﺃﻭ ﺒﻀﺭﺭ ﺒﻠﻴﻎ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺎﻝﻪ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻏﻠﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻅﻨﻪ ﻭﻗﻭﻉ ﻤﺎ ﻫﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﻪ ﻭﻝﻡ ﻴﻜﻥ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺩﺭﺘﻪ ﺘﻔﺎﺩﻯ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺒﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ ﺃﺨﺭﻯ ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪(2‬‬ ‫ﻻ ﻴﺒﻴﺢ ﺍﻹﻜﺭﺍﻩ ﺘﺴﺒﻴﺏ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺕ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻷﺫﻯ ﺍﻝﺠﺴﻴﻡ ﺃﻭ ﺍﺭﺘﻜﺎﺏ ﺃﻱ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺠﺭﺍﺌﻡ ‪ ,‬ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺠﻬﺔ ﻀﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ ‪ ,‬ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻗﺏ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺒﺎﻹﻋﺩﺍﻡ ‪.‬‬