directives, the court seeks to balance the need for thorough investigation with the imperative to respect individuals' rights and maintain the integrity of the legal process. Secondly, the recognition of electronic evidence, such as CDs and audio recordings, as valid forms of evidence indicate the judiciary's acknowledgment of technological advancements and their relevance in legal proceedings. This recognition reflects the need for clear guidelines on the collection, admissibility, and authenticity of electronic evidence. Furthermore, the significance of expert opinions in court proceedings is highlighted in multiple cases. Expert opinions are considered valuable when supported by solid evidence and scientific analysis, providing insights that complement other forms of evidence presented in court. In conclusion, while audiovisual evidence presents opportunities for advancing accountability for mass crimes, its proper collection, preservation, and authentication are essential to ensure its effectiveness in court. As technology continues to evolve, practitioners must remain vigilant in addressing the unique challenges posed by digital and open-source evidence. Overall, these cases underscore the importance of maintaining a balance between individual rights, technological advancements, and legal principles in the administration of justice in Nepal. They reflect the evolving nature of legal practices and the judiciary's efforts to adapt to modern challenges while upholding fairness, integrity, and the rule of law. 21