physical or built-in barriers which prevent the survival of such organisms outside the confined area; “user” means a person responsible for the use of genetically modified organisms, and includes an end-user or a consumer. 3. Application of Act (1) This Act shall apply to the genetic modification of organisms which occurs through – (a) recombinant nucleic acid techniques involving the formation of new combinations of genetic material; (b) techniques involving the direct introduction into an organism of foreign nucleic acid molecules; or (c) cell fusion, including protoplast fusion, beyond the same taxonomic family or hybridization techniques where live cells with new combination of genetic material are formed. (2) This Act shall not apply – (a) to techniques involving genetic manipulation of human cells; or (b) in cases where recombinant nucleic acid molecules or genetically modified organisms are not employed. 4. National Biosafety Committee (1) There is established for the purpose of this act a National Biosafety Committee, which shall consist of – (a) a Chairperson, with expertise in biotechnology and related fields, appointed by the Minister;