「MILITARY CRIMINAL ACT」
Article 44 (Insubordination) A person who resists or disobeys a legitimate order of his or her
superior shall be punished by the following:
1. In the face of the enemy: Death or imprisonment with labor for an indefinite term or for
a term of not less than ten years;
2. In wartime, during a disturbance, or in an area under martial law: Imprisonment with
labor for not less than one year nor more than seven years;
3. In other cases: Imprisonment with labor for not more than three years.
[This Article Wholly Amended on Nov. 2, 2009]
Article 45 (Mass Insubordination) Persons who commit a crime under Article 44 in a group
shall be punished by the following:
1. In the face of the enemy: The leader shall be punished by death, and the other persons
by death or imprisonment with labor for an indefinite term;
2. In wartime, during a disturbance, or in an area under martial law: The leader shall be
punished by imprisonment with labor for an indefinite term or for a term of not less than
seven years, and the other persons by imprisonment for a limited term of not less than
one year;
3. In other cases: The leader shall be punished by imprisonment with labor for a limited
term of not less than three years, and the other persons by imprisonment with labor for
not more than seven years.
[This Article Wholly Amended on Nov. 2, 2009]
Article 46 (Insubordination to Superior's Restraint) A person who fails to obey his or her
superior's restraint while assaulting shall be punished by imprisonment with labor for not
more than three years.
[This Article Wholly Amended on Nov. 2, 2009]
Article 47 (Violation of Order) A person who holds a duty to observe a legitimate order or
rule but violates or fails to observe such order or rule shall be punished by imprisonment
with or without labor for not more than two years.
[This Article Wholly Amended on Nov. 2, 2009]
CHAPTER IX CRIMES OF ASSAULT, INTIMIDATION, INFLICTION OF BODILY INJURY,
AND MURDER
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