members.
The chairperson of a commission of supervision shall have the same term of office as that of the people's
congress at the same level. The chairperson of the National Commission of Supervision shall serve no more
than two consecutive terms.
The organization, functions and powers of the commissions of supervision shall be prescribed by law.
Article 125 The National Commission of Supervision of the People's Republic of China is the highest
supervisory organ.
The National Commission of Supervision shall direct the work of local commissions of supervision at all
levels; commissions of supervision at higher levels shall direct the work of those at lower levels.
Article 126 The National Commission of Supervision shall be responsible to the National People's Congress
and the National People's Congress Standing Committee. Local commissions of supervision at all levels shall
be responsible to the state organs of power that created them and to the commissions of supervision at the
next level up.
Article 127 Commissions of supervision shall, in accordance with the provisions of law, independently
exercise supervisory power, and shall not be subject to interference from any administrative organ, social
organization or individual.
The supervisory organs, in handling cases of duty-related malfeasance or crime, shall work together with
adjudicatory organs, procuratorial organs and law enforcement departments; they shall act as a mutual
check on each other.
Section 8 People's Courts and People's Procuratorates
Article 128 The people's courts of the People's Republic of China are the adjudicatory organs of the state.
Article 129 The People's Republic of China shall establish a Supreme People's Court and local people's courts
at all levels, military courts and other special people's courts.
The president of the Supreme People's Court shall have the same term of office as that of the National
People's Congress and shall serve no more than two consecutive terms.
The organization of the people's courts shall be prescribed by law.
Article 130 Except in special circumstances as prescribed by law, all cases in the people's courts shall be tried
in public. The accused shall have the right to defense.
Article 131 The people's courts shall, in accordance with the provisions of law, independently exercise
adjudicatory power, and shall not be subject to interference from any administrative organ, social
organization or individual.
Article 132 The Supreme People's Court is the highest adjudicatory organ.
The Supreme People's Court shall oversee the adjudicatory work of local people's courts at all levels and of
special people's courts; people's courts at higher levels shall oversee the adjudicatory work of those at lower
levels.
Article 133 The Supreme People's Court shall be responsible to the National People's Congress and the
National People's Congress Standing Committee. Local people's courts at all levels shall be responsible to the
state organs of power that created them.
Article 134 The people's procuratorates of the People's Republic of China are the legal oversight organs of
the state.
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