Price v. City of N.Y. 15 Civ. 5871 (KPF) (S.D.N.Y. Jun. 25, 2018) reasons. See Praprotnik, 485 U.S. at 127 ("If the authorized policymakers approve a subordinate's decision and the basis for it, their ratification would be chargeable to the municipality because their decision is final." (emphasis added)); Davis v. City of New York, 228 F. Supp. 2d 327, 341-42 (S.D.N.Y. 2002) (holding that city could not be liable on grounds that former Commissioner knew subordinates refused to reinstate the plaintiff without proof that he knew such refusal was because the plaintiff had exercised his First Amendment rights). Because Plaintiff fails to allege that O'Neill knew that Obe and Brooks blocked Plaintiff because of her viewpoint, and because the allegations do not suggest that O'Neill agreed with his employees' decision to engage in viewpoint discrimination, Plaintiff fails to allege plausibly that the City ratified or adopted the conduct of Brooks and Obe. 48 For these reasons, the Court grants the City Defendants' motion to dismiss the Monell claim against the City of New York, and the officialcapacity *48 claims against Obe, Brooks, and Pierre-Louis, related to the their blocking of Plaintiff from the subject Twitter accounts. See Fed. R. Civ. P. 12(b)(6). 3. Due Process Claims Against the City Defendants Plaintiff also asserts substantive due process claims, under the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment, against the City Defendants. These claims relate to Plaintiff's assault by an unidentified person on January 24, 2017. (See FAC ¶¶ 170-82). The FAC appears to limit this claim to the alleged failure of Emmett, Dejesus, and Shevitz to investigate and file a formal report concerning Plaintiff's assault on January 24, 2017. (See id. at ¶ 190 ("The denial of services to Ms. Price on January 24, 2017, and thereafter as set forth above violated Ms. Price's rights under the Fourteenth Amendment.")). The Court understands this allegation as suggesting that Plaintiff has a freestanding constitutional right to have police investigate her assault and file a formal report or complaint, and that Defendants violated that right. 49 But to the extent that Plaintiff asserts a freestanding constitutional right to have her assault complaint investigated, she fails to state a claim for relief. Generally speaking, crime victims do not have a stand-alone constitutional right to have officers investigate their complaints. See Troy v. City of New York, No. 13 Civ. 5082 (AJN), 2014 WL 4804479, at *6 (S.D.N.Y. Sept. 25, 2014) (holding that there is "no constitutional right to an investigation by government officials"), aff'd, 614 F. App'x 32 (2d Cir. 2015) (summary order); Lewis v. Gallivan, 315 F. Supp. 2d 313, 316 (W.D.N.Y. 2004) ("[T]he law is well settled *49 that no private citizen has a constitutional right to bring a criminal complaint against another individual."); cf. Harrington v. Cty. of Suffolk, 607 F.3d 31, 35 (2d Cir. 2010) (in the procedural due process context, holding that parents had no constitutional due process property interest in adequate police investigation of motor vehicle collision that killed their son). The Court must therefore dismiss Plaintiff's claims concerning a stand-alone constitutional right to have her assault complaint investigated by the police. In light of the Plaintiff's pro se status, the Court alternatively construes Plaintiff's allegations as suggesting that the City Defendants — through their alleged history of inaction toward Plaintiff's allegations of assaults over the years — caused the assault of January 24, 2017, in violation of Plaintiff's substantive due process rights. "[T]he Due Process Clause is phrased as a limitation on the State's power to act, not as a guarantee of certain minimal levels of safety and security." Lombardi v. Whitman, 485 F.3d 73, 79 (2d Cir. 2007) (internal quotation marks omitted). For that reason, "[o]nly an affirmative act can amount to a violation of substantive due process." Id. Governmental action resulting in bodily harm is not a substantive due process violation unless 23