profit-making purposes, provided that such works cannot be obtained through normal channels; 3. State organs' performance of their official duties in accordance with the administrative, supervisory and judicial procedures; 4. Testing the safety performance of a computer as well as its system or network; 5. Conducting encryption research or reverse engineering research of computer software. The provisions of the preceding paragraph shall apply to the limitations of copyright-related rights. Article 51 The following acts shall not be performed without the permission of the rights holders: 1. Deliberately removing or modifying the rights control information on a work, layout design, performance, sound and/or visual recoding, or radio or television broadcasts, except where there are unavoidable technical reasons; 2. Providing any work, layout design, performance, sound and/or visual recording, or radio or television broadcast to the public when it is or should be aware that the rights control information on such work, layout design, performance, sound and/or visual recording, or radio or television broadcasts has been removed or modified without permission. Article 52 Anyone who commits any of the following infringements shall cease the infringement, take remedial actions, make an apology, pay damages and/or undertake any other civil liability depending on the circumstances: 1. Publishing a work without permission from the copyright owner of the work; 2. Publishing a work jointly created with others as a work created solely by oneself without permission from the other co-author(s); 3. Having one's name indicated on a work as the author of the work, the creation of which one has not participated in, for seeking personal gains; 4. Distorting or tampering with other's work; 5. Plagiarizing another's work; 6. Using a work for the purpose of exhibition or audio-visual work, or in the form of adaptation, translation, annotation or otherwise without permission from the copyright owner of the work, unless otherwise provided for by this Law; 7. Using another's work without paying remuneration when remuneration should be paid; 8. Renting out any original copy or hard copy of an audio-visual work, computer software or a sound and/or visual recording without the permission of the copyright owner, performer or sound and/or visual recording maker, unless otherwise provided for by this Law.; 9. Using the layout design of a published book or periodical without permission from the publisher of the book or periodical; 10. Broadcasting a performer's performance live or publicly communicating his/her live performance or recording his/her performance without his/her permission; or 11. Any other infringement of copyright or its related rights. Article 53 Anyone who commits any of the following infringements shall bear civil liability stipulated in Article 52 of this Law depending on the circumstances; where the infringement also prejudices public interest, the competent copyright authorities shall order the infringer to cease the infringement and issue a warning, confiscate the illegal proceeds, and confiscate and render innocuous destruction of the infringing copies and materials, tools, equipment, etc. used in the manufacturing of the infringing copies; where the illegal turnover reaches CNY50,000 or more, a fine ranging from one to five times the illegal turnover may be imposed; where there is no illegal turnover or the illegal turnover is difficult to compute or is less than CNY50,000, a fine of not more than CNY250,000 may be imposed; where the case constitutes a criminal offence, criminal liability shall be pursued in accordance with the law: 1. Reproducing, distributing, performing, projecting, broadcasting, making a collection of, or communicating to the public via an information network, a work, without permission of the copyright owner of the work, unless this Law provides otherwise; 11