Ar cle 170 A civil juris c act performed by a person for ful lling his responsibili es assigned by a legal person or an unincorporated organiza on, within the scope of authority and in the name of the legal person or the unincorporated organiza on, is binding on the legal person or unincorporated organiza on. Restric ons imposed by a legal person or an unincorporated organiza on on the scope of authority of a person who performs the responsibili es assigned by the legal person or unincorporated organiza on are not e ec ve against a bona de third person. Ar cle 171 An act performed by a person without authority, beyond the authority, or a er the authority is terminated is not e ec ve against the principal who has not ra ed it. A counterparty may urge the principal to ra fy such an act within 30 days a er receipt of the no ca on. Inac on of the principal is deemed as a refusal of ra ca on. Before such an act is ra ed, a bona de counterparty has the right to revoke the act. Revoca on shall be made by no ce. Where the aforemen oned act is not ra ed, a bona de counterparty has the right to request the person who has performed the act to ful ll the obliga ons or compensate for the loss thus incurred, provided that the amount of compensa on shall not exceed the amount of bene t the counterparty would have received had the principal ra ed the act. Where a counterparty knows or should have known that the person performing the act has no authority, the counterparty and the said person shall bear the liability in propor on to their fault. Ar cle 172 An act performed by a person without authority, beyond the authority, or a er the authority is terminated is e ec ve if the counterparty has reasons to believe that the said person has authority. Sec on 3 Termina on of Agency Ar cle 173 An agency by agreement is terminated under any of the following circumstances: (1) the term of agency expires or the authorized tasks have been completed; (2) the principal revokes the agency or the agent resigns; (3) the agent loses his capacity for performing civil juris c acts; (4) the agent or the principal deceases; or (5) the legal person or unincorporated organiza on who is the agent or the principal is terminated. Ar cle 174 An act performed by an agent under agreement a er the principal deceases remains valid under any of the following circumstances: (1) the agent does not know or should not have known of the death of the principal; (2) the act is ra ed by the heirs of the principal; (3) it is clearly stated in the le er of authoriza on that the agency ceases only upon comple on of the authorized tasks; or (4) the agent has started the act before the principal deceases and con nues to act in the interests of the heirs of the principal. The preceding paragraph shall be applied muta s mutandis where the principal who is a legal person or an unincorporated organiza on is terminated. Ar cle 175 An agency by opera on of law is terminated under any of the following circumstances: (1) the principal obtains or regains full capacity for performing civil juris c acts; (2) the agent loses the capacity for performing civil juris c acts; (3) the agent or the principal deceases; or (4) any other circumstance as provided by law exists. Chapter VIII Civil Liability Ar cle 176 The persons of the civil law shall perform civil-law obliga ons and bear civil liability in accordance with law or the agreement of the par es. ti fi ti fi ti ti ti ft ft fi ti ti ti ft ti ti ti ti fi ti fi ti ft fi ti ti ti fi fi ti ti ti ti ti ti ti fi ti ti ti fi ti ti tt fi ti ti ti ti ti ti fi ff ti ti ti fi ff ti ti ti ff ti ti ti ti ti ti ti ti ti 21