UNITED STATES V. MOHAMUD 25 rulings and the denial of an evidentiary hearing are also reviewed for an abuse of discretion. United States v. Mazzarella, 784 F.3d 532, 537 (9th Cir. 2015). We review de novo the constitutionality of a statute. United States v. Vongxay, 594 F.3d 1111, 1114 (9th Cir. 2010). B. Entrapment as a Matter of Law As the district court stated at sentencing, the defense made a solid case for entrapment. But the jury rejected that defense, and found Mohamud guilty despite the actions and encouragement of Youssef and Hussein and the communications (and attempted communications) from other government agents. And in light of that verdict, Mohamud has a steep hill to climb. “To establish entrapment as a matter of law, the defendant must point to undisputed evidence making it patently clear that an otherwise innocent person was induced to commit the illegal act by trickery, persuasion, or fraud of a government agent.” United States v. Smith, 802 F.2d 1119, 1124 (9th Cir. 1986); see also United States v. Williams, 547 F.3d 1187, 1197 (9th Cir. 2008). To avoid a finding of entrapment, the government must prove that: (1) Mohamud was predisposed to commit the crime before government agents contacted him, or (2) government agents did not induce him to commit the crime. United States v. McClelland, 72 F.3d 717, 722 (9th Cir. 1995). We focus our inquiry on Mohamud’s predisposition. When evaluating predisposition, we often analyze five factors: (1) the character and reputation of the defendant;