8 Laws of Malaysia ACT 88 (d) any place which is for the time being declared by the Minister, by order published in the Gazette, to be a prohibited place for the purpose of this Act; “public officer” means any person holding any office or employment in or under any public service; “public service” means— (a) any of the public services referred to in Article 132 of the Constitution including any Ministry, any department of the Government, or any Court; (b) any city council, municipality, town council or local authority; (c) any statutory authority exercising powers vested in it by Federal or State law; (d) any person, tribunal, body, institution or authority whatsoever which may be declared by the Minister, by order published in the Gazette, to be a public service for the purpose of this definition; and (e) in the event of war, any department of the government of any ally of Malaysia. (2) In this Act, unless the context otherwise requires, expressions referring to— (a) communicating, receiving, obtaining, retaining, collecting, recording or publishing includes any communicating, receiving, obtaining, retaining, collecting, recording or publishing, whether in whole or in part and whether the article, document or information itself or the substance, effect or description thereof only be communicated, received, obtained, retained, collected, recorded or published; (b) obtaining or retaining any article or document includes the copying or causing to be copied the whole or any part of any article or document; and (c) the communication of any article or document includes the transfer or transmission, or the publishing, of the whole or any part of any article or document.