18 Collaboration and solidarity State actors across the world are increasingly resorting to internet shutdowns as a tool to purportedly protect sovereign interests. In response, civil society actors have been at the forefront of intensification of efforts to resist these tendencies of state actors. Alongside transnational and domestic advocacy efforts, legal challenges to internet shutdowns has been a key development. Advocacy efforts have played a crucial role in centring a rights-oriented discourse in resisting internet shutdowns. Legal challenges, then, have contributed to these advocacy efforts and thrived on them, to hold state actors to account for imposing internet shutdowns. With legal challenges increasing, several strategic trends are beginning to emerge. Consequently, so are successful challenges to internet shutdowns. In many cases, the shutdown was curbed or restricted and, in several others,, salient points were made about the negative impacts of shutdowns. Of particular importance in supporting these efforts have been the collaborative networks of global solidarity and exchange among like-minded civil society actors. Sustaining and amplifying these are integral to ensuring that legal challenges continue and propel public discourse towards ano forbearance view of internet shutdowns. Similarly, it may be prudent to broaden these networks to identify and include actors (such as telecommunication services providers) that may so far have been excluded. The gains from these efforts, however, have largely not materialised on the ground, especially with state actors continuing to place reliance on internet shutdowns to achieve their political and security goals. The goal continues to remain for courts across jurisdictions to unequivocally declare a norm against shutting down the internet due to its deleterious effects.