Judgment Approved by the court for handing down. R (Bridges) -v- CC South Wales & ors vicinity of each AFR deployment and to every person that is spoken to as a result of an AFR intervention. There is also material about AFR on SWP’s website. 20. Whilst deployment of AFR is not covert, it is nevertheless reasonable to suppose that a large number of people whose facial biometrics are captured and processed by SWP’s use of AFR are unaware of this taking place. Biometric Data 21. The use of AFR technology involves the collection, processing and storage of a wide range of information, including (1) facial images; (2) facial features (i.e. biometric data); (3) metadata, including time and location, associated with the same; and (4) information as to matches with persons on a watchlist. AFR entails the processing of biometric data in the form of facial biometrics. The term “biometrics” is described in the Home Office “Biometrics Strategy – Better Public Services Maintaining Public Trust” published in June 2018 (para. 1) as “the recognition of people based on measurement and analysis of their biological characteristics or behavioural data”. 22. Biometric data enables the unique identification of individuals with some accuracy. It is this which distinguishes it from many other forms of data. Facial biometrics are one of the primary forms of biometric data, alongside fingerprints and DNA. 23. Facial biometrics bear some similarity to fingerprints because both can be captured without the need for any form of intimate sampling and both concern a part of the body that is generally visible to the public. A significant difference, however, is that AFR technology enables facial biometrics to be procured without requiring the co-operation or knowledge of the subject or the use of force, and can be obtained on a mass scale. Oversight and Advisory Board 24. The Secretary of State has set up an Oversight and Advisory Board, comprising representatives from the police, the Home Office, the Surveillance Camera Commissioner, the Information Commissioner, the Biometrics Commissioner, and the Forensic Science Regulator, to co-ordinate consideration of the use of facial imaging and AFR by law enforcement authorities. The specific incidents giving rise to these proceedings 25. In addition to challenging the lawfulness of SWP’s use of AFR Locate generally, the Appellant complains about two particular occasions when AFR Locate was used in Cardiff by SWP and, he maintains, he was caught on camera. Those two occasions were: (1) on 21 December 2017 at Queen Street, a busy shopping area in Cardiff; and (2) on 27 March 2018 at the Defence Procurement, Research, Technology and Exportability Exhibition (“the Defence Exhibition”) which was held at the Motorpoint Arena. 21 December 2017 Deployment 26. On 21 December 2017 SWP deployed a single marked AFR-equipped van at Queen Street in Cardiff city centre. The AFR system was live from 8:00 am to 4:00 pm. There were three watchlists for this deployment: one was of a person suspected of having committed a serious crime, another comprised 382 people wanted on warrants, and the