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Article 12: Authorship shall belong, unless proved otherwise, to the person or persons in
whose name the work is disclosed.
Article 13: A work of joint authorship shall be the joint property of the joint authors.
The joint authors shall exercise their rights by mutual agreement.
In the event of disagreement, one or more of the joint authors may seek a ruling thereon
from the civil court with recognized competence in the matter.
Where the participation of each of the joint authors is of a different kind, each may,
unless otherwise agreed, exploit his personal contribution separately, without prejudice,
however, to the exploitation of the joint work.
Article 14: A composite work shall be the property of the author who created it, subject
to the rights of the author of the preexisting work.
Article 15: A collective work shall, unless proved otherwise, be the property of the
natural or legal person in whose name it is disclosed.
That person shall hold the copyright.
Article 16: The authors of pseudonymous and anonymous works shall enjoy in such
works the rights afforded by the present Law.
They shall be represented in the exercise of these rights by the original editor or
publisher, until such time as they reveal their identity and prove their authorship.
The disclosure of identity referred to in the preceding paragraph may be made by will;
however, any rights previously acquired by third parties shall be retained.
The provisions of the second and third paragraphs shall not apply where the pseudonym
adopted by the author leaves no doubt as to his identity.
Article 17: The natural person or persons responsible for the intellectual creation of an
audiovisual work shall be regarded as the author or authors of that work.
Unless proved otherwise, the following shall be presumed to be the joint authors of an
audiovisual work produced in collaboration:
4 the author of the script;
5 the author of the adaptation;
6 the author of the dialogue;