- All mechanisms or procedures through which citizens can make observations or in one way or another influence the formulation of these policy guidelines or the exercise of the powers of the organization. Chapter IV- Exceptions to the disclosure obligations of public bodies and affiliated structures Article 16: The Information Officer of an administration to whom request is made is not required to disclose: - Information already made public by posting or press release; - Information confidentially received from a third party; - Information concerning state security institutions or that which is held by them; - Information regarding on-going judiciary proceedings; - Information whose disclosure will cause serious prejudice to secrets protected by law; - Information likely to endanger the life, health or security of persons or their property; - Information whose disclosure is likely to cause the commission of an offense; - Information whose disclosure could be prejudicial to relations with a state or an international organization; - Information on an uncompleted inspection, monitoring or investigation mission; 6