Article 9.- Intentional commission of crimes
The intentional commission of a crime is commission of crime in the following
circumstances:
1. The offenders are aware that their acts are dangerous to society, foresee the
consequences of such acts and wish such consequences to occur;
2. The offenders are aware that their acts are dangerous to society, foresee the
consequences that such acts may entail and do not wish, but consciously allow, such
consequences to occur.
Article 10.- Unintentional commission of crimes
The unintentional commission of a crime is commission of crime in the following
circumstances:
1. The offenders foresee that their acts may cause harmful consequences to society,
but think that such consequences shall not occur or can be warded off;
2. The offenders do not foresee that their acts may cause harmful consequences to
the society though they must have foreseen or did foresee such consequences.
Article 11.- Unexpected events
Persons who commit acts which cause harmful consequences to the society due to
unexpected events, namely in circumstances which they cannot, or are not compelled
to, foresee the consequences of such acts, shall not have to bear penal liability
therefor.
Article 12.- Ages subject to penal liability
1. Persons aged full 16 or older shall have to bear penal liability for all crimes they
commit.
2. Persons aged full 14 or older but under 16 shall have to bear penal liability for
very serious crimes intentionally committed or particularly serious crimes.
Article 13.- The state of having no penal liability capacity
1. Persons who commit acts dangerous to the society while suffering from mental
disease or disease which deprives them of their capability to be aware of or to
control their acts, shall not have to bear penal liability therefor; to these persons, the
measure of enforced hospitalization shall apply.
2. Persons who commit crimes while having penal liability but falling into the state
prescribed in Clause 1, of this Article, before being sentenced, shall be subjected to