Neutral Citation Number: 2023:DHC:2806
the Court may have to recognise his right and direct
removal of such content available online on a case-tocase basis. The contention by the learned counsel for
Google that they are only an intermediary and they are
not liable for the contents or publication of the
judgments, no doubt, the said contention has to be
upheld. We are not here to decide upon compliance or
non-compliance with the Intermediary Rules. The
argument of the learned Central Government Counsel
that Google has to be treated as an intermediary and
therefore has to follow the Intermediary Rules does not
require meritorious consideration in these cases. We
are called upon, in these cases, to decide on the points
involved qua fundamental rights claimed by the
petitioners. Irrespective of these rules, the State and
non-State actors are bound to respect the fundamental
rights of the citizens. There is no difficulty in
identifying Google as a non-State actor by its nature of
function and operation which could have an impact on
the socio, cultural, economic and political life of the
citizen. They are qualified to be identified as a nonState actor. Even in the OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises, guiding principles on business
and human rights, an enterprise like Google is liable
as a non State actor for human rights violation. Google
is incorporated in the United States of America and
OECD is an intergovernmental organisation of which
US is also a party. The Guidelines aim to promote
positive contributions by enterprises to economic,
environmental and social progress worldwide. [See
OECD Guidelines for Multi-national Enterprises, 2011
Edition]. Further, there is no difficulty in holding that
the claim based on fundamental rights can be enforced
horizontally. However, the judgments are public
records and, making them available to the public to
view through the process of a search made online,
cannot be found fault with. At the same time, we cannot
hold that Google is content blind to the publications
made online; can they allow any prohibited nature of
content to appear online? For example, paedophilic
Signature Not Verified
Digitally Signed
By:SHAZAAD ZAKIR
Signing Date:26.04.2023
17:19:50
W.P.(CRL) 1505/2021
Page 75 of 88
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