[2021] 2 MLRA
Peguam Negara Malaysia
v. MKINI Dotcom Sdn Bhd & Anor
461
in particular, must have been aware of the kind of materials published and
would be able to foresee the sort of comments that it would attract given their
experience in running Malaysiakini for over 20 years.
[87] It cannot be overemphasised that the impugned comments were posted
on a platform of which the 1st respondent has complete control. The 1st
respondent had developed the necessary device for subscribers to post the
impugned comments. It has therefore facilitated the publication of the
impugned comments. And before they were removed, the glaring impugned
comments were on the platform for three days and viewed by 20,000 readers
daily locally and abroad.
[88] In stating so, we have further considered the following observations by
Eady J in Bunt v. Tilley (supra) at p 149, for the proposition by learned counsel
for the respondents that for there to be legal responsibility, there must have
been awareness or an assumption of responsibility so as to show knowing
involvement. It was stated in that case that to determine liability for publication
in the context of the law of defamation, it would be important to focus on what
the person did, or failed to do, in the chain of communication and knowledge
can be an important factor. That is a correct proposition. However Eady J
qualified his statement when he said that if a person knowingly permits another
to communicate information which is defamatory, when there should be an
opportunity to prevent its publication, there would be no reason as a matter of
principle why liability should not accrue. Applying that principle to the facts of
this case it cannot therefore, be said that the 1st respondent had no opportunity
and only played a passive instrumental role in the publication process.
[89] We find the case of Delfi (supra) particularly instructive because the facts
in that case bear semblance to the facts before us. The facts were these. The
applicant company was the owner of Delfi, one of the largest internet news
portals in Estonia that published up to 330 news articles a day. It allowed its
readers to comment on the comments section of its news articles published
on Delfi portal. An article entitled “SLK Destroyed Planned Ice Road” was
published on 24 January 2006. This resulted in a member of the supervisory
board and SLK’s sole majority shareholder, L to be the subject of some 20
out of 185 comments posted. The comments contained personal threats and
offensive language. L’s lawyers then requested the applicant company to
remove the offensive comments. Only then were these comments taken down.
It was taken down on the same day of the request, but six weeks after the
article was published.
[90] The applicant company refused to compensate L. At first instance, L’s
claim was dismissed on the basis of exclusionary clause of the applicant
company’s liability under the Estonian Information Society Service Act
(“ISSA”). L appealed to the Court of Appeal and succeeded. The decision
of the County Court was quashed and the case was referred back to the first
instance court for new consideration. Upon re-examination of the case, the