672
ASHCROFT v. AMERICAN CIVIL LIBERTIES UNION
Opinion of the Court
pointed commission issued a report that found that filters are
more effective than verification screens. See supra, at 668.
Delay. between the time that a district court makes factfindings and the time that a case reaches this Court is inevitable, with the necessary consequence that there will be
some discrepancy between the facts as found and the facts
at the time the appellate court takes up the question. See,
e. g., Benjamin, Stepping into the Same River Twice: Rapidly
Changing Facts and the Appellate Process, 78 Texas L. Rev.
269, 290-296 (1999) (noting the problems presented for appellate courts by changing facts in the context of cases involving
the Internet, and giving as a specific example the Court's
decision in Reno, 521 U. S. 844). We do not mean, therefore,
to set up an insuperable obstacle to fair review. Here, however, the usual gap has doubled because the case has been
through the Court of Appeals twice. The additional two
years might make a difference. By affirming the preliminary injunction and remanding for trial, we allow the parties
to update and supplement the factual record to reflect current technological realities.
Remand will also permit the District Court to take account of a changed legal landscape. Since the District Court
made its factfindings, Congress has passed at least two further statutes that might qualify as less restrictive alternatives to COPA-a prohibition on misleading domain names,
and a statute creating a minors-safe "Dot Kids" domain.
See supra, at 663. Remanding for trial will allow the District Court to take into account those additional potential
alternatives.
On a final point, it is important to note that this opinion
does not hold that Congress is incapable of enacting any regulation of the Internet designed to prevent minors from gaining access to harmful materials. The parties, because of the
conclusion of the Court of Appeals that the statute's definitions rendered it unconstitutional, did not devote their atten-
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