(xxvii) “trial release” means the deliberate release of genetically modified organisms into the environment in the open under conditions where the degree of dissemination of the genetically modified organisms is limited by chemical or physical barriers or by built-in barriers which prevent the survival of such organisms in the environment; (xxiv) (xxviii) “user” means any natural or legal person or institution responsible for the use of genetically modified organisms and includes an end-user or consumer; (xi) (xxix) “waste” means any matter, whether gaseous, liquid or solid or any combination thereof, which is, in the opinion of the person in whose possession or under whose control it is, an undesirable or superfluous product, emission, residue or remainder of any process or activity in connection with genetically modified organisms. (ii) Application of Act Section 2 (1) This Act shall apply to- (a) the genetic modification of organisms: (b) the development, production, release, use and application of genetically modified organisms (including viruses and bactcriophages); and (c) the use of gene therapy. (2) This Act shall not apply to techniques(a) (b) involving human gene therapy; in which recombinant DNA molecules or genetically modified organisms are not employed (i) in in vitro fertilisation in humans and animals; (ii) in conjugation, transduction, transformation or any other natural process: and (iii) in polyploidy induction, (c) in which genetically modified organisms as recipient or parental organisms are not employed(i) in mutagenesis; (ii) in the construction and use of somatic hybridoma cells; and (iii) in cell fusion (including protoplast fusion) of plant cells. Executive Council of Genetically Modified Organisms Section 3