neither the existence of an intent with cause for carrying out a crime or
the purpose thereof shall be taken into account, unless the law stipulates
otherwise. Intent is also realized if the perpetrator expects a criminal
result for carrying out a deed and he perpetrated the deed accepting such
result accordingly.
Unintended Error
Article (10): Unintentional error is there if the perpetrator acted when carrying out the
deed in a manner that is not committed by a normal person, if in the
circumstances the deed is characterized by carelessness, excessiveness,
or negligence or without consideration to the relevant laws, procedures
and decrees.
A perpetrator is considered to act as such if he did not expect the result, which a normal
person would expect or did expect, but thought that such result can be avoided
accordingly.
Section TWO
Types of Crimes
Punishable and Retribution [qisas] Juridical Crimes
and Crimes with Further Punishment
Article (11): There are two kinds of crimes:
1. Crimes that are punished according to limits set out in religious jurisdictions
[hodoud] and by retribution [qisas].2
2. Crimes that punishable by slandering.
The Definition and Number of the Jurisdictional [hodoud] Punishments
Article (12): There are seven crimes for which punishments prescribed by religious
jurisdiction are meted out; they are crimes for which a specific religious
Jurisdictional [hodoud] stipulation exists and is a pure or mixed Devine
right, which religious jurisdiction expresses as "limits."3 These are seven
in number as follows:
1. Transgression
3. Banditry
5. Adultery
6. Drinking Alcohol
2
2. Apostasy
4. Theft
6. Slander
I.e., "An eye for an eye, …, etc".
Perhaps "boundaries" would be a better definition in English than "limits", because these are
punishments that are proscribed by Devine decree and are seen as mandatory and cannot be changed..
3